Global History 9 click here for General Topic Links (women, education, medicine, etc.)

Global History I Artists Writers Scientists & Inventors Religious Leaders & Philosophers Explorers All Classes Check out the STUDENT RESOURCE CENTER Online Database.       [see Student Planner for password]

Caravaggio
Britannica Online: Caravaggio - an excellent starting place; includes his significance and impact.
WebMuseum, Paris: Caravaggio - the artist and his works.
The Artchive: Caravaggio - biography and images.
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio - brief look at the artist, his impact, and his major works.
WebGallery of Art: Caravaggio - biography and virtual museum gallery of Caravaggio's works, many with commentary.

Leonardo da Vinci
Britannica Online: Leonardo da Vinci - an excellent place to start; includes his significance and impact.
WebMuseum, Paris: Leonardo da Vinci - the genius and his works.
Leonardo da Vinci: Scientist, Inventor, Artist - an excellent, well-linked site that provides a look his total contributions -- be sure to keep clicking on the links; each level divides to Scientist, Inventor, and Artist.
Leonardo da Vinci: Man of Both Worlds - tri-level ThinkQuest offers an overview of the man, a look at his sketches, his artwork, and his contributions to science.
WebGallery of Art: Leonardo da Vinci - biography and virtual museum gallery of his drawings, paintings, and sculptures-- many with commentary.
Exploring Leonardo - a fun site to explore and learn about this fascinating scientist, inventor, and artist.

Michelangelo
Britannica Online: Michelangelo - an excellent starting place; includes his significance and impact.
WebMuseum, Paris: Michelangelo - the man, his significance, and his works.
Michelangelo Buonarroti - illustrated exhibit on the life of this famous Italian Renaissance sculptor and
 painter looks at his early life, mid years, and final days.
Michelangelo - well-written, humanizing biography of this genius, from the book Michelangelo: The Complete Sculpture, Painting, Architecture.
WebGallery of Art: Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni - biography and virtual museum gallery of his sculptures, paintings, frescoes, drawings, and architectural works-- many with commentary.

Raphael
Britannica Online: Raphael - an overview of the artist and his works.
WebMuseum, Paris: Raphael - the artist, his significance, and his works.
WebGallery of Art: Raffaello Sanzio - biography and virtual museum gallery of his works, many with commentary.
Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio) - biography and look at his influence on art.
National Gallery of Art: Raphael - news release of Raphael exhibit comments on his influence and importance.

Titian
Britannica Online: Titian - an excellent starting place; includes his significance and impact.
WebMuseum, Paris: Titian - essay on his life and work and his influence on the baroque period.
Titian - presentation on the Venetian painter, focusing on a visual  analysis of two depictions of his use of light and color; be sure to scroll and click on the links.
Titian [Tiziano Vecellio] -biography of the Venetian Renaissance-era painter includes his portrait and a look at some of his influences and contemporaries.
WebGallery of Art: Tiziano Vecellio - biography and virtual museum gallery of Titian works, many with commentary.
 
 

Cervantes
Britannica Online: Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de - an excellent starting place; includes his life and career, his writings, and his significance and impact.
Cervantes Project 2001 - comprehensive bibliography, with articles, dissertations, reviews, and other scholarly materials related to his works and life.
Cyberspain: Don Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra - biography of Cervantes in with a discussion of his works and the importance of Don Quixote.
Sparknotes: Don Quixote - study of the two part novel written within the social climate of imperial Spain; includes a critical  discussion of the story, a brief description of the characters, and an analysis of each summarized chapter.

Chaucer
Britannica Online: Chaucer, Geoffrey - an excellent starting place; includes his life, his writings, his significance and impact.
Geoffrey Chaucer - info about the poet's life and times, analysis of the epic, and an overview of Chaucer's English-- from Harvard University.
Geoffrey Chaucer (ca.1343-1400) - covers the life of  Chaucer with links to many additional sources.
Librarius Presents: The Canterbury Tales - biography of Chaucer, background details about "The Canterbury Tales," and the full text of the epic with textual links to the glossary.

Erasmus
Britannica Online: Erasmus - his life, career, works, influence, and achievements.
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Erasmus - biography and thoughts about the Reformation.
Erasums - who he was, his importance, his philosophy, and his works.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Desiderius Erasmus - extensive biography with importance.

Machiavelli
Britannica Online: Machiavelli, Niccolò-  click on links at bottom including Character and Thought.
Biography.com: Machiavelli - biography and importance.
Biographies: Machiavelli - describes his views and asserts that students must read both "The Prince" and "The Discourses" to get a complete idea of his philosophy.
Modern World History: Machiavelli, Niccolo - history teacher provides this brief biography along with an excerpt of Machiavelli's introduction to "The Prince" for his students.
World Civilizations: Machiavelli, Niccolo - lengthy biography follow Machiavelli from his childhood through his death, addresses his lack of political loyalty, and details his writings.
Internet Philosophy Encyclopedia: Machiavelli, Nicolo - overview of the life of one of the most important Renaissance philosophers and his famous treatise, "The Prince."

Shakespeare
Britannica Online: Shakespeare, William - an excellent starting place; includes his significance and impact.
About Shakespeare  - learn about the Bard from The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK.
A Shakespeare Timeline - click on a year in the menu at left to read about Shakespeare's life.
Shakespeare Resource Center - provides an overview on the great writer and his works, background readings on the Elizabethan age, a reading list, and related links.
Coined by Shakespeare - this site advertises the book BUT also has links to "New Words" and a chronology of his plays.
 
 

Copernicus
Britannica Online: Copernicus, Nicolaus - his life, career, discoveries, significance.
Biography: Nicolas Copernicus - discusses the importance of his findings.
The Copernican Model: A Sun-Centered Solar System - mixes biographical details with an explanation of the astronomer's main scientific ideas; includes illustrative models.
Copernican System - details the social and scientific environment in which the Copernican system was developed and diagrams the system itself.
The Copernican Revolution - discusses the importance of his work and its conflict with the Church.
Seeing is Believing - from the PBS special, this looks at the quest to understand the universe over the years--looks at Newton, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and planetary motion.

Galileo
Britannica Online: Galileo - his life, career, discoveries, significance.
Online From Jupiter: Galilei, Galileo - details the scientific environment in which Galileo worked, his observations with the telescope and his trial by Church authorities.
Biography.com: Galileo Galilei - brief overview follows Galileo from his studies at Pisa University to 1993 when his work was finally recognized by the Catholic Church.
Galilei, Galileo - brief biography and illustrations of his discoveries--from NASA.
Galilei, Galileo - profile of the astronomer outlines his major contributions to science; follow textual links to learn about sunspots and telescopes.
High Altitude Observatory: Galilei, Galileo - brief biography; follow textual links to learn about Galileo's publications, his science and his run-in with the Church.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Galilei, Galileo - lengthy biography details his life, scientific achievement and his clash with the Catholic Church.
The Galileo Project 2001 - hypertext source of information on the life and work of Galileo Galilei from Rice University.
The Art of Renaissance Science - start with Introduction and continue with the section on Galileo.

Gutenberg
Britannica Online: Gutenberg, Johannes - his life and impact of his invention.
Gutenberg, Johannes: Man of the Millennium - German tribute to the inventor provides historical overview and a look at his invention.
Johannes Gutenberg Biography - brief biographies with effects of the Gutenberg Press.
Johannes Gutenberg - a look at his life, work, and achievements.
Printing: History and Development - looks at the development of printing, including the invention of paper in China, Johannes Gutenberg's invention of the movable-type printing press, the role of print and modern thought, and print in America.
 

Kepler
Britannica Online: Kepler, Johannes - his life, career, discoveries, significance.
MacTutor: Johannes Kepler - the man, his findings, and their significance.
Johannes Kepler - biography, findings, and significance.
NASA--Johannes Kepler: His Life, His Laws and Times - biography, a list of Kepler's firsts, and details about his laws of planetary motion, includes illustrations.
High Altitude Observatory: Johannes Kepler - detailed biography that introduces his scientific work as well as tells about his life.
Johannes Kepler: The Laws of Planetary Motion - explanation with illustrations.
Kepler's Laws - animations and descriptions of Kepler's laws.

Newton
Britannica Online: Newton, Sir Isaac - his life, career, discoveries, significance.
Biography: Sir Isaac Newton - covers his theories in context with others in his field and discusses their impact and significance.
Seeing is Believing - from the PBS special, this looks at the quest to understand the universe over the years--looks at Newton, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and planetary motion.
Eric Weisstein's Treasure Trove of Scientific Biography: Newton, Isaac - his life and discoveries.
Sir Isaac Newton - outline of his accomplishments and their impact.
Isaac Newton - personal profile and explains some of his achievements.
 
 

Calvin
Britannica Online: Calvin, John - an excellent place to start; looks at the man, his life, his theology and spirituality, and his impact, influence, and significance.
John Calvin - discusses his religious awakening, his important publications, and his political and spiritual leadership in Geneva.
Catholic Encyclopedia: John Calvin - account of the Protestant leader's life emphasizes some of the more extreme aspects of his theology; includes details of his personal life.
John Calvin - links to related topics, including his writings.
Calvin, John - links to works about Calvin and works by Calvin.
Creative Quotations - famous quotations by John Calvin.

Henry VIII
Britannica Online: Henry VIII - covers Henry's accession, his showdown with Rome, and his slow decline; includes an analysis of his legacy and related hyperlinks.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Henry VIII - covers the political and ecclesiastical adventures of his reign; includes detailed analysis of his split with the Catholics.
Henry VIII (1491-1547) - covers his life with links to additional sources from The Guide to the Monarchs of England and Great Britain.
Who Was Henry VIII? - interesting facts about Henry and his wives.

Loyola
Britannica Online: St. Ignatius Loyola - an excellent place to begin.
Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Ignatius Loyola - detailed profile.
A Sketch of the Life of St. Ignatius Loyola- excerpts from a book on the the life of St. Ignatius Loyola.
St. Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556)- short biography from  St. Ignatius Loyola Catholic Church.
St. Ignatius Loyola- article on his impact on the church.

Luther
Britannica Online: Luther, Martin - an excellent place to begin; looks at the man as an educator and monk, as a theologian, his works, differences among the reformers, and his impact.
Martin Luther - biography with photos of his birthplace; be sure to click on the elink Entire article plus introduction, which addresses the need for a Reformation.
Martin Luther - biographical information; describes his ideas on law and theology; also provides a collection of comprehensive links to Luther's writings.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Martin Luther - detailed profile, from a decidedly catholic point of view, that   concentrates on his theological disputes with Rome.
The Life of Martin Luther - biographical history divided into 4 segments; offers time lines, pictures and related links.
World Civilizations: Martin Luther - offers a profile of the sixteenth century reformer that analyzes his differences with the Catholic church.

More
Britannica Online: More, Sir Thomas - an excellent place to begin; looks at his early life and career, as chancellor of England, his trial, imprisonment, and execution, and assesses his impact.
Catholic Encyclopedia: More, Thomas - extremely detailed and somewhat lengthy biography explicates the conflicting loyalties of this author, public servant, knight, and saint.
Sir Thomas More - provides a biography as well as links to texts of More's works, to scholarship, and to additional resources.
Thomas More - includes a biography, chronologies of his life and writings, and information about his family from the St. Thomas More Society.
The Trial of Sir Thomas More, 1535 - biography of this lawyer and writer who was executed for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as the supreme ruler of the  world.
Sir Thomas More - timeline outlines the events of his life and career; includes quotes and links to other sites.
St. Thomas More Website - information about Sir Thomas More; includes a list of biographies, a chronology of his life, a photo-essay of More's London, and links to biographies, texts, and organizations.
 
 

Columbus
Britannica Online: Columbus, Christopher - an excellent place to start; covers his life, his voyages, and the debate over his achievements.
The Mariners' Museum: The Explorations of Christopher Columbus - biographical information; details and visuals of voyages.
Christopher Columbus - puts Columbus' voyages in context with background to the Age of Discovery.
1492: An Ongoing Voyage - Library of Congress exhibit about the history and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and North and South America; includes  coverage of the political forces leading to European exploration, conquest, and settlement as well as of contacts  between American peoples and Europeans between 1492 and 1600; maps.
The Columbus Navigation Homepage - features discussions of his navigational methods and techniques, competing theories about his landfall, and detailed accounts of each of his voyages; offers as much information about Columbus' time as it does about the man himself and serves as an introduction to nautical science in the period; provides bibliography and links to other sites of interest.

Cortez

Britannica Online: Cortés, Hernán, Marqués Del Valle De Oaxaca - overview of the man who conquered Mexico for Spain.
The Conquest of the Aztecs - presents positives and negatives of the conquest.
Explorer Fact Sheet: Hernando Cortes -  fact sheet describes his childhood, military career, and his relentless mission to conquer the Aztec civilization.
Aztecs: Conquest - ThinkQuest on how Cortes and his soldiers befriended the Aztec rulers, then conquered the empire, and about the dismal repercussions he suffered.
Affirmative Action and Hernan Cortes - attempt to reinstate Cortes's honor as a forefather of Mexico by listing his lifelong accomplishments and trials.

Vasco da Gama
Britannica Online: Gama, Vasco da - chronicles the fifteenth century Portuguese navigator's explorations in India and Africa.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Vasco da Gama - biographical sketch of this explorer with emphasis on his travels.
Vasco Da Gama - biographical sketch of this explorer with focus on his travels.
The Mariners' Museum: The Exploits of Vasco da Gama - brief description of Da Gama's explorations and link to map of his route.

Magellan
Britannica Online: Magellan, Ferdinand - looks at the man, his allegiance to Spain, and the importance of his discoveries; includes portrait and maps.
The Mariners' Museum: Ferdinand Magellan - outlines his expeditions and discoveries with links to major events and contemporaries.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Ferdinand Magellan - biographical sketch of this Portuguese explorer with emphasis on his travels.
Magellan, Ferdinand - essay looks at his accomplishments by comparison to Columbus; brings out religious factors..

Pizarro
Britannica Online: Pizarro, Francisco - looks at his early life and the discovery and conquest of Peru.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Francisco Pizarro - biographical sketch of this explorer with emphasis on his travels.
The Conquest of the Incas - this PBS site website examines the exploits of various explorers.
Controversies & Hidden History: The Coming of Pizarro As Seen by the Incas - presents the traditional version and the Inca version, from  "The People's Almanac #3" by David Wallechinsky and Irving Wallace.
Spaniards v. Incas and the Fall of the Inca Empire - Pizarro's conquest in context.
EcuadorExplorer.com: Inca Expansion - looks at the arrival of Pizarro and the impact of his expedition.
 
 

Virtual Renaissance - enter any of the portals; be sure to keep clicking on links within links--you go further into your topic.
Renaissance - links on historical figures of the Renaissance from LookSmart.com.
The Development of Western Civilization: Renaissance - explore links to all aspects of the Renaissance.
Life in Elizabethan England: A Compendium of Knowledge, 1558-1603 - contents include Games, Food, Money, Religion, Language, Weddings, Masters & Servants, Occupations, the Peers, Fashion, Children, Household Management, Pasttimes,  Education, Heraldry, and Maps. If you don't find what you need, try this link to another index of the same site.
Renaissance: What Inspired This Age of Order? - Annenberg/CPS Exhibits takes you through the Renaissance and provides related links.
World Civilizations: The Italian Renaissance - a look at the Renaissance, important people, and links to resources.
The Art of Renaissance Science - if you are covering math or science, check here.
Seeing is Believing - from the PBS special, this looks at the quest to understand the universe over the years--looks at Newton, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and planetary motion.
HyperHistory Online - if you aren't sure of the timeframe your person lived, just click on Alphabetical Index and select your person; you are given a brief sketch of the person, his/her importance, and a link to follow for more information.
The Middle Ages - if you are dealing with scientists, check this site out to get context.
Biographies: The Scientists - click on your scientist; discusses importance/impact and connections to others in the field.
 

Updated 2/02