WORKS CITED

(Bibliographic/In-text Documentation)

A STATEMENT ON PLAGIARISM

Using someone else’s ideas or phrasing and pretending these are your own, either on purpose or through carelessness, is a serious offense known as PLAGIARISM. “Ideas and phrasing” includes: - written or spoken material; - statistics; - lab results; - artwork; - etc.

The penalty for PLAGIARISM is usually determined by the instructor teaching the course. In many schools and colleges, it could involve failure for the paper and it could mean failure for the entire course and even expulsion from school.

The following guideli

Bibliographic Citation

There are two types of bibliographic citation:

Works Cited

· Located at the end of a paper and includes an alphabetical list of all the sources you’ve cited in your paper.

In-text Documentation

· Cites sources within the body of the text. This will relate back to the source of ideas, facts, or opinions gathered in the research process. This means that even if you paraphrase or put another’s words into your own, you must give credit to the originator of the idea or fact. All ideas that are not your own personal commentaries need to be documented by giving credit. This in-text documentation should refer the reader back to the Works Cited page for complete bibliographic information.

Sample of MLA In-Text Documentation

Underage drinking is, “a passage to madness not maturity” (Clark 221). Statistics indicate that alcohol consumption by minors leads to tragedy. On college campuses, alcohol is a factor in the majority of instances that involve violence, property damage, sexual assaults, suicides and hazing deaths. Over half of the teen highway deaths in 1990 involved alcohol, and binge drinking is popular with thirty percent of high school students and forty-three percent of college students, according to a University of Michigan survey (“Alcoholism” 36). Despite the fact that the legal drinking age in all fifty states and the District of Columbia is twenty-one, underage drinking continues to be a problem:

What seems different today is that we’re getting reports from all over that kids are getting drunk not just inadvertently at a party, but as a result of intentionally downing the greater and greater amounts of alcohol that are needed to get that effect (Eigen 219).

The following guidelines are recommended by MLA

Paper Format:

Margins – top, bottom and sides should be set at 1 inch

Line Spacing – double space

Font – use a 10 or 12 font such as Geneva, Helvetica, Palatino, or Times Roman

Indentation – the first word of every paragraph should be indented ½ inch or five spaces. Quotations longer than 4 lines should be indented 1 inch or ten spaces.

Paper – Use only white, 8 ½-by-11 inch paper

Spacing of Citations within the Works Cited/Bibliography:

Each citation should be double spaced

Within each citation there is:

one space after a (.) period and a (:) colon or comma

Double space between citations

All references are listed alphabetically, no numerical numbering

Begin each entry flush with the left margin; indent each subsequent line

BOOK WITH ONE AUTHOR

Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher,

Date.

Works Cited Example:

Smith, Samuel. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

In-Text Example:

(Smith 8)

BOOK WITH TWO AUTHORS

Author’s Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name. Title. Place of

Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

Brown, John, and Samuel Smith. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan,

1993.

In-Text Example:

(Brown and Smith 345)

BOOK WITH THREE AUTHORS

Author’s Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name, and First Name

Last Name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

Brown, John, John Smith, and Mary Smith. The Importance of Doing Your

Homework. New York: Holt Press, 1995.

In-Text Example:

(Brown, Smith and Smith 345)

BOOK WITH MORE THAN THREE AUTHORS

Author’s Last Name, First Name, et al. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

Brown, John, et al. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

In-Text Citation:

(Brown et al. 135)

BOOK WITH NO AUTHOR

Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

In-Text Example:

(Studying 53)

BOOK WITH EDITOR – NO AUTHOR

Editor’s Last Name, First Name, Ed. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

Doe, John, Ed. Studying the Correct Way. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

In-Text Example:

(Doe 25)

PRINT ENCYCLOPEDIA

“Title.” Encyclopedia Name. Edition Date.

Works Cited Example:

“Studying.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.

In-Text Example:

(“Studying” 353)

(If the article is signed, begin with the author.)

Works Cited Example:

Jones, John. “Studying.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.

In-Text Example:

(Jones 365)

ELECTRONIC ENCYCLOPEDIA

“Title of Article.” Encyclopedia Name. CD-ROM. Edition Date.

Works Cited Example:

“Reading.” Microsoft Encarta ’96 Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. 1996 ed.

In-Text Example:

ONLINE ENCYCLOPEDIA

(“Reading”)

“Title of Article.” Title of Internet Encyclopedia. Sponsoring Institution. Date

Accessed <URL>.

Works Cited Example:

“Aztec.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 5 May 2001

<http://search.eb.com/>.

In-Text Example:

(“Aztec”)

ESSAY OR ARTICLE IN A COLLECTION OR ANTHOLOGY

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Essay.” Name of Collection or

Anthology. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date. Pages.

Works Cited Example:

Hildyard, Nicholas. “Overpopulation Contributes to World Hunger.” Population: Opposing

Viewpoints. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2000. 122-129.

In-Text Example:

(Hildyard 126)

CITING ONE VOLUME FROM MULTI-VOLUME WORK

Author’s (or Editor’s) Last Name, First Name (if given). Title of Volume. Volume

number. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

Bunch, Bryan, Ed. Diseases. Vol. 6. Danbury, CT: Grolier Educational, 1997.

In-Text Example:

(Bunch 51)

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATION

Author (Government Agency). Name of the Agency. Title. Place of Publication:

Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook. Washington, D.C.: JIST,

2000.

In-Text Example:

(U.S. 41)

MAGAZINE ARTICLE – WITH AUTHOR

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Name of Periodical

Date (day mo. year): Pages.

Works Cited Example:

Walsh, John. “U.S. – Japan Study.” Science 16 Jan. 2003: 19-28.

In-Text Example:

(Walsh 19)

MAGAZINE ARTICLE – NO AUTHOR

“Title.” Name of Periodical Date (day mo. year): Pages.

Works Cited Example:

“U.S. – Japan Study.” Science 16 Jan. 2003: 19-28.

In-Text Example:

(“U.S.” 19)

NEWSPAPER

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title.” Name of Newspaper Date: Section

Pages.

Works Cited Example:

Jones, James. “Libya and Iran Talking Peace.” Democrat and Chronicle 18 Jan. 1996:

A8 (or A8+).

If the newspaper article is on more than one page, follow the page number with a (+) plus to indicate the additional pages.

In-Text Example:

(Jones 8) or (Jones 8+)

EDITORIAL

Last Name, First Name. “Title.” Editorial. Name of Newspaper Date: Section

Pages.

Works Cited Example:

Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.” Editorial. US News and World Report 11 Feb.

2002: 72.

In-Text Example:

(Gergen)

CONGRESSIONAL QUARTERLY RESEARCHER (PRINT)

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” CQ Researcher Date of Article:

Pages.

Works Cited Example:

Smith, John. “Approaching Bibliographies Correctly.” CQ Researcher 11 Mar. 1991: 397-

401.

In-Text Example:

(Smith 398)

ISSUES & CONTROVERSIES ON FILE (PRINT)

“Title of article.” Issues & Controversies on File, Date: Pages.

Works Cited Example:

“Public Opinion Polling.” Issues & Controversies on File, 9 May 2003: 181-188.

In-Text Example:

(Polling 181)

PAMPHLET

Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

American Medical Association. Studying for Health. New York: American Medical

Association, 1993.

In-Text Example:

(American Medical)

INTERVIEW

Subject’s Last Name, First Name. Person’s Title. Type of interview and subject.

Date (day mo. year).

Works Cited Example:

Bianco, Wade. Vice Principal. Irondequoit High School. Personal Interview on Coaching.

11 Feb. 1992.

In-Text Example:

(Bianco)

E-MAIL

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Subject line from posting.” Type of medium.

Day Month Year.

Works Cited Example:

Lee, John L. “Reschedule meeting.” Personal e-mail. 26 April 1995.

In-Text Example:

(Lee)

TELEVISION PROGRAM

“Title of Program.” Program Series. Network. Local Station, City. Broadcast

Date.

Works Cited Example:

“Volcanoes.” National Geographic Explorer. ABC. WOKR, Rochester. 16 March 1993.

In-Text Example:

(“Volcanoes”)

FILMS AND VIDEOS

Title. Director’s Name. With Name of Star(s). Distributor, Year.

Works Cited Example:

One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Dir. Milos Foreman. With Jack Nicholson. Republic,

1975.

In-Text Example:

CASSETTE OR CD RECORDING

(One Flew)

Performer’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Song.” Album Title. Manufacturer,

Date.

Works Cited Example:

Jackson, Janet. “Rush.” Janet Jackson Live. Motown Records, 1993.

In-Text Example:

(Jackson)

UNPUBLISHED LECTURE

Lecturer’s Last Name, First Name. Title. Class, Topic, Date (day mo. year).

Works Cited Example:

Harshman, Jason. Social Studies Teacher. Irondequoit High School. Class lecture on

Opium Wars, 13 Oct. 2004.

In-Text Example:

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

(Harshman)

Title. CD-ROM. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.

Works Cited Example:

A.D.A.M. The Inside Story. CD-ROM. A.D.A.M. Software, Inc., 1997.

In-Text Example:

(A.D.A.M. The Inside Story)

CHOICES

“Career Name.” Choices ISM Inc., Canada 1999.

Works Cited Example:

“Library Media Specialist.” Choices ISM Inc., Canada 1999.

In-Text Example:

“(Library Media Specialist)”

SIGNED ARTICLE FROM ONLINE DATABASE

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Source of Article. Date of

Publication: Pages. Name of Database. Date Accessed. <URL>.

Works Cited Example:

Stewart, Melissa. “Cloning: Hit or Miss?” Science World. 26 March 2001: 8-12. ProQuest.

3 May 2001. <http://www.umi.com/proquest>.

In-Text Example:

UNSIGNED ARTICLE FROM ONLINE DATABASE

(Stewart)

“Title of Article.” Source of Article. Date of Publication: Pages. Name of

Database. Date Accessed. <URL>.

Works Cited Example:

“Cloning: Hit or Miss?” Science World. 26 March 2001: 8-12. ProQuest. 3 May 2001.

<http://www.umi.com/proquest>.

In-Text Example:

(“Cloning”)

CITING CHARTS, MAPS, IMAGES, SOUNDS, OR VIDEO CLIPS FROM ONLINE SOURCES

Description or title of image, sound or video clip. (Online image/sound/video

clip). Date Downloaded. <URL>.

Works Cited Example:

Space Shuttle. (Online Image). 6 July 1998. <www.nasa.gov/gallery/photo/index/html>.

In-Text Example:

(Space Shuttle)

A DOCUMENT FROM AN INTERNET SITE

AN ENTIRE INTERNET SITE (WITH AUTHOR)

Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of Site. Date Updated or Posted. Name

of Sponsoring Institution or Organization. Date Accessed. <URL>.

Works Cited Example:

Iavarone, Mike. Trenches on the Web. 15 Jan. 2000. Great War Society. 15 Oct. 2004.

<http://www.worldwar1.com/reflib.htm>.

In-Text Example:

AN ENTIRE INTERNET SITE (WITHOUT AUTHOR)

(Iavarone)

Title of Site. Date Updated or Posted. Name of Sponsoring Institution or

Organization. Date Accessed. <URL>.

Works Cited Example:

All Shakespeare. 15 October 2004. Gale Group. 18 Oct. 2004. <http://

www.allshakespeare.com/index.php3>.

In-Text Example:

(All Shakespeare)

A DOCUMENT FROM WITHIN AN INTERNET SITE

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Document.” Title of Site. Date updated

or posted. Name of sponsoring Institution or Organization. Date accessed.

<URL>.

Works Cited Example:

Iavarone, Mike. “German War Poetry.” Trenches on the Web. 15 Jan. 2000. Great War

Society. 15 Oct. 2004. <http://www.worldwar1.com/sfgp1.htm>.

In-Text Example:

(Iavarone)